The Health Effects Section of the Database contains papers that describe the potential human health effects of tungsten exposure by various routes. The studies reported in these papers include epidemiology studies, case reports and clinical studies, in vitro studies and animal studies aimed at determining potential health effects of tungsten in humans. For studies describing potential beneficial health effects (such as anti-diabetic agent) see the Health Applications Section.
| id | Year | Title | Author | Journal | Affiliation | Category | Abstract | Full citation / URL | Volume | Issue | Page | ISSN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5,702 | 2023 | Association Between Depression and Urinary Heavy Metal Levels | Gao S, Zuk AO, Wu M, Tassone VK, Jung H | University of Toronto Journal of Public Health | University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada | ["healtheffects"] | Introduction: Growing concerns about heavy metal pollution due to urbanization and industrialization have highlighted potential links between heavy metal levels and neurological disorders, including depression. This project aims to investigate the relationship between urinary heavy metal levels and depression status. Methods: The US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018 data were used. Depression was assessed using a nine-item version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), with a cut-off point of 10 for depression cases. 13 urinary heavy metals were included. Both univariate analyses, the weighted Wilcoxon test and weighted logistic regression with heavy metal variables transformed into quintiles, and multivariate analyses, Classification and Regression Tree (CART) and random forest, were conducted to investigate the association. Results: The weighted Wilcoxon test found higher levels of cadmium (Cd), antimony (Sb), tin (Sn) and tungsten (Tu) and lower levels of mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) in the depression group. Weighted logistic regression revealed higher depression risks in the fifth quintile of Cd, the third, fourth and fifth quintiles of Sb, and the third and fifth quintiles of Tu levels. Lower risk was detected in the fifth quintile of As levels. Multivariate analysis identified Sn, Cd, As, cesium (Cs), and thallium (Tl) as crucial metals for classifying depression. Conclusion: In conclusion, this project reveals the complex relationship between urinary heavy metals and depression. Depression was associated with different sets of metals depending on the testing method used, and additional investigation is required to explore the potential interactions. | https://utjph.com/index.php/utjph/article/view/41690 | 4 | 1 | ||
| 5,703 | 2023 | Urinary Metal Levels and Coronary Artery Calcification: Longitudinal Evidence in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) | McGraw KE, Schilling K, Glabonjat RA, Galvez-Fernandez M, et al | medRxiv | Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Science, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA // Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA // Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore MD 21057, USA // Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 615 N. Wolfe Street. Baltimore MD 212057, USA // University of Washington, Department of Medicine, USA // National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain, Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, Spain // Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, USA // University of Washington, Department of Biostatistics, USA // Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, USA | ["healtheffects"] | Objective Growing evidence indicates that exposure to metals are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We hypothesized that higher urinary levels of metals with prior evidence of an association with CVD, including non-essential (cadmium, tungsten, and uranium) and essential (cobalt, copper, and zinc) metals are associated with baseline and rate of change of coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression, a subclinical marker of atherosclerotic CVD. Methods We analyzed data from 6,418 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) with spot urinary metal levels at baseline (2000-2002) and 1-4 repeated measures of spatially weighted coronary calcium score (SWCS) over a ten-year period. SWCS is a unitless measure of CAC highly correlated to the Agatston score but with numerical values assigned to individuals with Agatston score=0. We used linear mixed effect models to assess the association of baseline urinary metal levels with baseline SWCS, annual change in SWCS, and SWCS over ten years of follow-up. Urinary metals (adjusted to µg/g creatinine) and SWCS were log transformed. Models were progressively adjusted for baseline sociodemographic factors, estimated glomerular filtration rate, lifestyle factors, and clinical factors. Results At baseline, the median and interquartile range (25th, 75th) of SWCS was 6.3 (0.7, 58.2). For urinary cadmium, the fully adjusted geometric mean ratio (GMR) (95%Cl) of SWCS comparing the highest to the lowest quartile was 1.51 (1.32, 1.74) at baseline and 1.75 (1.47, 2.07) at ten years of follow-up. For urinary tungsten, uranium, and cobalt the corresponding GMRs at ten years of follow-up were 1.45 (1.23, 1.71), 1.39 (1.17, 1.64), and 1.47 (1.25, 1.74), respectively. For copper and zinc, the association was attenuated with adjustment for clinical risk factors; GMRs at ten years of follow-up before and after adjustment for clinical risk factors were 1.55 (1.30, 1.84) and 1.33 (1.12, 1.58), respectively, for copper and 1.85 (1.56, 2.19) and 1.57 (1.33, 1.85) for zinc. Conclusion Higher levels of cadmium, tungsten, uranium, cobalt, copper, and zinc, as measured in urine, were associated with subclinical CVD at baseline and at follow-up. These findings support the hypothesis that metals are pro-atherogenic factors. | www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.31.23297878v1 | ||||
| 5,704 | 2023 | Abstract 18395: Urinary Metals as Novel Risk Factors for Incident Heart Failure and Subtypes in Indigenous Communities in the US: Evidence From the Strong Heart Study | Martinez-Morata I, Domingo A, Pichler G, Garcia Pinilla JM, et al | Circulation | Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA // Karl Landsteiner Institute for Cardiovascular and Critical Care Rsch, Vienna, Austria // Hosp Universitario Virgen de la Victoria. IBIMA. Univ of Malaga, Spain // MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA // National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain // Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA | ["healtheffects"] | Introduction: Chronic exposure to metals is an independent risk factor for CVD, yet the role of metal exposure on heart failure (HF) and HF subtypes remains understudied. Indigenous communities in the US suffer a high burden of CVD and have been historically exposed to moderate and high levels of environmental metals. In this study we evaluate the prospective association between urinary metal levels and incident HF and HF subtypes in the Strong Heart Study, the largest US cohort of American Indian adults. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that urinary metals are prospectively associated with increased HF risk, and the associations will be different for ejection fraction (EF) 50%. Methods: A total of 2,706 participants (mean (SD) age 56.4(8.1) years, 58% female) with urinary metals available at baseline (1989-1991) were included. Incident HF events were ascertained through 2019 by a physician panel, including classification of HF subtypes (EF50% and EF50%, 127 EF<50%, 227 unclassified). Baseline levels of all metals were higher among participants who developed HF. In fully adjusted models (Model 2), higher levels of urinary cadmium, molybdenum and zinc were significantly associated with HF risk. The associations varied by HF subtype. While no significant associations were identified for those EF≥50%, higher levels of urinary tungsten, molybdenum, and zinc were significantly associated with HF EF<50% risk. Conclusions: We identified an association between baseline urine levels of several essential and non-essential metals and incident HF risk in the Strong Heart Study, with strongest associations for those with EF<50%. These findings can help identify novel modifiable risk factors of HF and inform prevention strategies. | www.ahajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1161/circ.148.suppl_1.18395 | 148 | Supplement 1 | ||
| 5,705 | 2023 | Tungsten tailings issues and reprocessing solutions | Msumange DA, Msumange JA, Bru K, Bourgeois F | Minerals and Mineral Materials | Department of Geosciences and Mining Technology, Mbeya University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mbeya 53119, Tanzania // Department of Mining Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35160, Türkiye // BRGM, F-Orléans 45060, France // Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse 31432, France | ["sustainability"] | This paper aims to provide an overview of tungsten (W) tailings properties, detrimental impacts of these tailings, approaches to mitigate these impacts, and a presentation of methods to reprocess them to capture their economic value. Since W is widely used in a variety of industries, it has been extensively mined since the 19th century, and the mining continues to generate significant volumes of tailings. Recent data show that global W production stands at 84 kt per year, and more than 100 Mt of W tailings exist containing over 100 kt of WO3. The tailings contain variable amounts of valuable products and deleterious environmental substances. Some of the contained metals are in great demand for the energy transition. However, these tailings usually contain FeS2/Pyrrhotite and FeAsS minerals, which, when exposed to air and water, can produce acid mine drainage. As such, W tailings may pose environmental and human health risks. Globally, the reprocessing of W tailings presents a potential resource that can be regarded as a paradigm of sustainability and circular economy. Flotation, enhanced gravity separation, and wet high-intensity magnetic separation have been reported to be the common approaches to reprocessing W tailings. However, W processing presents particular difficulties owing to complex material properties, such as fine particle size, surface weathering, similarity in surface properties exhibited by gangue materials (fluorite, apatite, calcite), low concentrations of the elements of interest, and poor mineral liberation. | https://f.oaecdn.com/xmlpdf/12f52d56-ee19-4a90-a8c4-f07f1b94a0bf/mmm2021.pdf | 2 | 14 | 1-21 | |
| 5,706 | 2023 | Recovery of tungsten from spent selective catalytic reduction catalyst by sulfuric acid precipitation and evaporation crystallization method. | Wang B, Yang Q, Chen Y, Bai R and Cao H | Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology | School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology – Beijing, Beijing, China // Xianyang Food and Drug Inspection and Testing Center, Xianyang, China | ["sustainability"] | BACKGROUND Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) can effectively handle NOx from flue gas in coal-fired power plants. However, as the core part of the SCR method, V2O5–WO3/TiO2 catalyst has a limited operational life in the complex flue gas environment. The recovery of rare metals from spent catalyst would not only bring economic benefits but also solve environmental problems. The process of reducing acid leaching and further roasting-water leaching could realize the efficient recycling of vanadium, tungsten and titanium. RESULTS After reducing acid leaching and roasting-water leaching to treat spent SCR catalyst, the obtained solution containing tungsten was used as the raw material in this study. The optimal pH value of solution for removal of silicon and aluminum impurities was 9.2–9.5. The best tungsten precipitation conditions were shown as follows: a tungsten concentration of 30 g L−1, a sulfuric acid concentration of 8 mol L−1, reaction temperature of 70 °C and reaction time of 2 h. Under the optimal tungsten precipitation conditions, the tungsten precipitation efficiency can reach 92.53%. Finally, in order to further improve the purity of the crude H2WO4, the crude H2WO4 was fully dissolved in ammonia, followed by filtration and evaporation crystallization to obtain 5(NH4)2O.12WO3.5H2O (APT) crystals with a purity of 93.05 wt%. The crystallization efficiency of APT was 73.37% at 60 °C for 2 h with a rotor speed of 400 rpm. CONCLUSION These results indicated that a higher purity of APT crystals can be obtained by the steps of removing silicon and aluminum, precipitation of tungsten by sulfuric acid, ammonia dissolution and evaporation crystallization. | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jctb.7558 | ||||
| 5,707 | 2023 | Trace Metal Levels of Groundwater, Surface Water and Sediments in Kinsevere Industrial Zone and Its Surroundings, Southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo | Bukengu Muhaya B and Busomoke Badarhi B | Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering | Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi 1825, Democratic Republic of Congo // Department of Zootechnics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi 1825, Democratic Republic of Congo | ["occurrence"] | Arsenic, barium, bismuth, cadmium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, strontium, thallium, tungsten, uranium, vanadium, and zinc concentrations were investigated in forty-two groundwater samples, twenty-four surface water and six surface sediment samples in Kinsevere industrial zone and its surroundings in February and march 2017, January, February and March 2018 to evaluate the potential human health risk. Chemical analyses were carried out by using ICP-SF-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Sector Field Mass Spectrometry, Thermo Scientific Element II). The trace metals were detected at various concentrations in all the analyzed samples. Pb, Mn and Fe concentrations exceeded the European Union acceptable maximum limits for water intended for human consumption in 4.76%, 28.57% and 61.90% of the groundwater samples, respectively and in 0%, 50% and 100% of the surface water samples, respectively. As, Cr, Cu and Ni concentrations exceeded the recommended lower sediment quality guideline values in 33.33%, 50%, 83.33% and 83.33% of the surface sediment samples, respectively. All those elevated trace metal concentrations in the groundwater, surface water and sediments represent a risk for the health of local population as well as for aquatic organisms. | www.davidpublisher.com/index.php/Home/Article/index?id=49857.html | A | 12 | 163-175 | |
| 5,708 | 2024 | Exposure to metal mixtures and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes: A systematic review | Issah I, Duah MS, Arko-Mensah J, Bawua SA, Agyekum TP, Fobil JN | Science of The Total Environment | West Africa Center for Global Environmental & Occupational Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana // Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana // Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Safety, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana // Department of Surgery, Tamale Teaching Hospital, Tamale, Ghana // West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana | ["healtheffects"] | Background Prenatal exposure to metal mixtures is associated with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes like low birth weight, preterm birth, and small for gestational age. However, prior studies have used individual metal analysis, lacking real-life exposure scenarios. Objectives This systematic review aims to evaluate the strength and consistency of the association between metal mixtures and pregnancy and birth outcomes, identify research gaps, and inform future studies and policies in this area. Methods The review adhered to the updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) checklist, along with the guidelines for conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies of etiology (COSMOS-E). Our data collection involved searching the PubMed, MEDLINE, and SCOPUS databases. We utilized inclusion criteria to identify relevant studies. These chosen studies underwent thorough screening and data extraction procedures. Methodological quality evaluations were conducted using the NOS framework for cohort and case-control studies, and the AXIS tool for cross-sectional studies. Results The review included 34 epidemiological studies, half of which focused on birth weight, and the others investigated neonate size, preterm birth, small for gestational age, miscarriage, and placental characteristics. The findings revealed significant associations between metal mixtures (including mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), barium (Ba), cesium (Cs), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), and chromium (Cr)) and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, demonstrating diverse effects and potential interactions. Conclusion In conclusion, this review consistently establishes connections between metal exposure during pregnancy and adverse consequences for birth weight, gestational age, and other vital birth-related metrics. This review further demonstrates the need to apply mixture methods with caution but also shows that they can be superior to traditional approaches. Further research is warranted to deeper understand the underlying mechanisms and to develop effective strategies for mitigating the potential risks associated with metal mixture exposure during pregnancy. | www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969723070080 | 908 | |||
| 5,709 | 2023 | Association of urinary arsenic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals with cancers among the female population in the US | Rahman HH, Toohey W, Munson-McGee SH | Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology | New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA // Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, 3501 Arrowhead Dr, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA // Data Forward Analytics, LLC, Principal, 4973 Black Quartz Road, Las Cruces, NM 88011, USA | ["healtheffects"] | Background Cancers that primarily affect women in the US include breast, uterine, and cervical cancers. There may be associations between these different types of cancer in women and environmental pollutant exposure. Purpose This study aimed to assess seven species of arsenic, six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds, and fourteen different metal concentrations in urine and their correlation with cancer among women. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using 2011‐–2012 to 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (n = 4,956) and logistic regression modeling of the complex weighted survey design. Results Breast cancer was inversely correlated with arsenocholine (3rd quantile), monomethylarsonic acid (4th quantile), manganese (4th quantile), and antimony (3rd, 4th quantiles). Cervical cancer was inversely correlated with 3-hydroxyfluorene (3rd quantile), molybdenum (2nd, 4th quantiles), antimony (3rd quantile), tin (4th quantile), and thallium (4th quantile) exposure and positively associated with arsenic acid (3rd quantile), arsenobetaine (2nd, 4th quantiles). Uterine cancer was correlated with 1-hydroxynaphthalene (3rd, 4th quantiles), 2-hydroxynaphthalene (4th quantile), 1-hydroxyphenathrene (2nd, 4th quantiles), 1-hydroxypyrene (3rd quantile), cobalt (2nd, 3rd quantiles) and inversely with mercury (4th quantile). Conclusion This study determined breast cancer and arsenic and some metal species exposure, indicating an inverse association. Arsenic acid and arsenobetaine exposure showed a positive correlation with cervical cancer. For uterine cancer, the correlations for the PAH compounds and cobalt showed a positive correlation, and the arsenic species and mercury were inversely associated. Further research is required to establish or refute the findings. | www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0041008X2300385X | 480 | |||
| 5,710 | 2023 | Association between exposure to mixture of heavy metals and hyperlipidemia risk among U.S. adults: A cross-sectional study | Wang G, Fang L, Chen Y, Ma Y, Zhao H, Wu Y, Xu S, Cai G, Pan F | Chemosphere | Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China // The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China // Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China | ["healtheffects"] | Previous studies have suggested that exposure to heavy metals might increase the risk of hyperlipidemia. However, limited research has investigated the association between exposure to mixture of heavy metals and hyperlipidemia risk. To explore the independent and combined effects of heavy metal exposure on hyperlipidemia risk, this study involved 3293 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), including 2327 with hyperlipidemia and the remaining without. In the individual metal analysis, the logistic regression model confirmed the positive effects of barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), and uranium (U) on hyperlipidemia risk, Ba, Cd, Hg and Pb were further validated in restricted cubic splines (RCS) regression model and identified as positive linear relationships. In the metal mixture analysis, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and quantile-based g computation (qgcomp) models consistently revealed a positive correlation between exposure to metal mixture and hyperlipidemia risk, with Ba, Cd, Hg, Pb, and U having significant positive driving roles in the overall effects. These associations were more prominent in young/middle-aged individuals. Moreover, the BKMR model uncovered some interactions between specific heavy metals. In conclusion, this study offers new evidence supporting the link between combined exposure to multiple heavy metals and hyperlipidemia risk, but considering the limitations of this study, further prospective research is required. | www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653523026048 | 344 | |||
| 5,712 | 2024 | Towards understanding formation of polytungstates in tungsten-bearing hot springs and its environmental implications | Guo Q, Li Y, Zhao W, Wang L, Meng Y | Chemical Geology | State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China | ["occurrence"] | Polytungstates have toxicity, mobility, and bioavailability quite different from those of monomeric tungstates, the most common tungsten (W) species. To date, relevant studies of polytungstates have been conducted under laboratory conditions, and there is a lack of studies on such W species in natural waters. In the present study, polytungstates at environmentally relevant concentrations were detected in a number of investigated hot springs. All the hot springs with high polytungstates concentrations (> 10 μg/L) have vent temperatures above 70 °C and pH values above 8, and polytungstates are immeasurable in all the acidic hot springs. Further inspection showed that the detected polytungstates were not isopolytungstates but likely heteropolytungstates forming via incorporation of silicate or borate enriched in the hot springs into tungstates at elevated temperatures. These detectable polytungstates, however, might also be polymeric thiotungstates in view of their close correlation with aqueous sulfide and thiotungstates and their specific retention time during the chromatographic separation. More precise identification of the polytungstates depends on improvement of the used analytical technique to achieve a further chromatographic separation of different kinds of polytungstates. Upon the discharge of the hot springs, the aqueous W was transported to the hot spring sediments due to its adsorption onto the Fe-bearing minerals there. Although the pH values of the hot springs were the critical parameter for the W adsorption, the substantial formation of polytungstates in some neutral to alkaline hot springs could inhibit the adsorption to some degree, thereby contributing somewhat to the enrichment of W in such springs. This is the first study reporting polytungstates and their environmental behavior in natural hot springs. It is possible that polytungstates are widely present in high-temperature, neutral to alkaline hot springs hydrochemically similar to those involved in this study. | www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009254123005314 | 643 | |||
| 5,713 | 2024 | Assessment of heavy metal contamination of sediments in popular tourist beaches of the Kerala State, Southern India: Implications on textural and mineralogical affinities and mitigation | Ramkumar M, Nagarajan R, Pramod A, Sharma A, Gopika P, Fathima AL, Sugavanam G, Manobalaji A, Mohanraj R | Geosystems and Geoenvironment | Department of Geology, Periyar University, Salem 636011, India // Department of Applied Sciences (Applied Geology), Curtin University Malaysia, Miri, Sarawak 98009, Malaysia // Curtin Malaysia Research Institute, Curtin University, Miri, Sarawak 98009, Malaysia // Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53 University Road, Lucknow 226007, India // Department of Environmental Management, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India | ["occurrence"] | Beaches form one of the most contaminated sedimentary environments by a myriad variety of anthropogenic activities, including tourism and recreational activities. The concentrations of metals and their pollution levels were studied for four tropical tourist beaches in Kerala state, Southern India. Bulk geochemical and mineralogical analyses of 16 sediment samples were performed to determine the environmental status and the environmental risk level using various geochemical indices. Based on the enrichment of TiO2 and SiO2 concentrations, the samples were grouped into ilmenite-rich samples (IRS) and quartz-rich samples (QRS) respectively and the geochemical signatures are significantly different. Mineralogically, the IRS group is dominated by ilmenite, quartz, sillimanite, zircon and rutile while the QRS group consists of quartz, spinel and calcite and garnets are common in both groups of sediments. Despite the variation in the trends of pollution indices, it has been found that Kovalam beach sediments are enriched with W, Th and U where, IRS with enrichment of W, U and Th while QRS only enriched with W and Th and not U. The mineralogical affinity of W with secondary tungsten-bearing minerals has been documented by the XRD analysis and these metals are mainly controlled by the geogenic sourced minerals. However, in terms of ecological risk, Pb, As and Cu have a considerable to moderate risk in both groups of sediments. Overall, both group of sediments shows a moderate risk. Based on the biological effect assessment the elements of concern are Pb and Zn in IRS and possible effect by the Cr, Cu and As in IRS and only by Cu in QRS. Though the prevalence of geogenic and anthropogenic processes and influences of metal enrichments are documented by the study, their relative influences, mobility and bioavailability need to be systematically studied. | www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772883823000675 | 3 | 1 | ||
| 5,714 | 2023 | Acute neuro-biochemical changes induced by nitrogen-tungsten co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles | Farooqi HMU, Lee J, Lee CA, et al | Applied Biological Chemistry | Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA // Ocean and Biomedical Ultrasound Lab, Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-Do, South Korea // Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-Do, South Korea // Microbiology Department, Public Health Laboratories Division, National Institutes of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan | ["healtheffects"] | Nitrogen-tungsten co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (W-N-doped TiO2 NPs) are employed for the photocatalytic degradation of environmental pollutants. However, the potential impact of these nanoparticles on the central nervous system remains a subject of concern. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of W-N-doped TiO2 NPs on neurophysiological and biochemical parameters of healthy rat brains, including behavioral monitoring, electroencephalogram analysis, and oxidative stress markers quantification. Intraperitoneal administration of W-N-doped TiO2 NPs to rats revealed abnormal brain electrical activity and an altered sense of balance in the treated rats. The ability of W-N-doped TiO2 NPs to cross the blood–brain barrier and accumulate in the brain leads to oxidative stress damage, supported by the elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrite concentration, and malondialdehyde levels. Additionally, exposure to W-N-doped TiO2 NPs significantly reduced the antioxidant enzyme levels, such as catalase and superoxide dismutase, impacting a significant decrease in dopamine and acetylcholinesterase within the rat neural tissue. Furthermore, the inflammatory biomarker tumor necrosis factor-alpha and 8-hydroxy 2-deoxyguanosine significantly increased in response to W-N-doped TiO2 NPs. The findings revealed the adverse effects of W-N-doped TiO2 NPs on the electrical activity of rat brains and the altered concentration of various neuro-biomarkers, highlighting their potential neurotoxicity. | https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13765-023-00836-9 | 66 | 83 | ||
| 5,715 | 2023 | The association between levels of samarium, hafnium, tungsten and rhenium in seminal plasma and the risk of idiopathic oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia in men of childbearing age | Jiang T, He S, Wang J, Li M, Chen J, Zhang D, Zhang R, Tao F, Yao Y, Hao J, Ji D, Liang C | Environmental Science and Pollution Research International | School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China // Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the people's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China // Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China // NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract (Anhui Medical University), No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China // Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China // Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center of Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China // Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China | ["healtheffects"] | Oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia (OAT) is a global public health problem, which affects 30% men of childbearing age. Meanwhile, with the rapid development of industry and economy, the contents of rare earth elements (REEs) in the environment are increasing. However, little is known about the associations between REEs levels and OAT risk. To evaluate the associations between the levels of four REEs (samarium (Sm), hafnium (Hf), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re)) in seminal plasma and OAT risk, from October 2021 to November 2022, semen samples from 924 men of childbearing age (460 controls and 464 cases) were collected from the reproductive center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to measure the levels of Sm, Hf, Re and W in seminal plasma. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was conducted to explore the joint effects of levels of four REEs in seminal plasma on the risk of OAT and select the one exerting a major role; generalized linear regression models (GLM) with log link function were employed to investigate the association of every REE level in seminal plasma and OAT risk; sankey diagram and linear regression models were utilized to describe the associations between the levels of four REEs and the indexes of sperm quality. The levels of four REEs in seminal plasma were higher in the case group than levels in the control group (pSm = 0.011, pHf = 0.040, pW = 0.062, pRe = 0.001, respectively). In BKMR analysis, the OAT risk increased when the overall levels of four REEs were higher than their 55th percentile compared to all of them at their 50th percentile, and Re level played a major role in the association. Additionally, Re level in seminal plasma was positively associated with the OAT risk in the single element model after adjustment of covariates (medium vs. low: OR (95% CI) = 1.55 (1.10, 2.18); high vs. low: OR (95% CI) = 1.69 (1.18, 2.42)). Lastly, the sankey diagram and linear regression models revealed that Sm level was negatively associated with the PR%, total sperm count and total progressively motile sperm count; Hf level was negatively associated with the PR%; W and Re levels were negatively associated with the PR% and total motility, and Re level was positively associated with abnormal morphology rate. Men of childbearing age with OAT had higher levels of Sm, Hf and Re in seminal plasma than those in the control group. An increasing trend for the OAT risk was observed with an increase in mixture levels of Sm, Hf, W and Re, and Re exposure level played a major role in the association whether in BKMR model or single element model. Additionally, the levels of these four REEs were negatively associated with the indexes of sperm quality. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38017218/ | ||||
| 5,716 | 2024 | Breast cancer risk for the joint exposure to metals and metalloids in women: Results from the EPIC-Spain cohort | Fernández-Martínez NF, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Huerta JM, Gil F, Olmedo P, et al | Science of The Total Environment | Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain // Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), 18011 Granada, Spain // Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain // Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, 30008 Murcia, Spain // Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain // Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain // Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) ‘Jose Mataix’, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain // Instituto de Salud Pública y Laboral de Navarra, 31003 Pamplona, Spain // Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain // Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 08908 Bellvitge, Spain // Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain // Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, 20013 San Sebastian, Spain // BioGipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain // Research Group on Demography and Health, National Faculty of Public Health, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia // Department of Epidemiology for Chronic Diseases, National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain // Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain // Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Universidad Complutense, 28007 Madrid, Spain // GEICAM, Spanish Breast Cancer Group, 28703 Madrid, Spain // Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain // GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain | ["healtheffects"] | Environmental factors play a role in breast cancer development. While metals and metalloids (MMs) include some carcinogens, their association with breast cancer depends on the element studied. Most studies focus on individual MMs, but the combined effects of metal mixtures remain unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the joint exposure to MMs and the risk of developing female breast cancer. We conducted a case-control study within the multicenter prospective EPIC-Spain cohort. Study population comprised 292 incident cases and 286 controls. Plasma concentrations of 16 MMs were quantified at recruitment. Potential confounders were collected using a questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were built to explore the effect of individual MMs. Quantile-based g computation models were applied to identify the main mixture components and to estimate the joint effect of the metal mixture. The geometric means were highest for Cu (845.6 ng/ml) and Zn (604.8 ng/ml). Cases had significantly higher Cu concentrations (p = 0.010) and significantly lower Zn concentrations (p < 0.001). Cu (+0.42) and Mn (+0.13) showed the highest positive weights, whereas Zn (−0.61) and W (−0.16) showed the highest negative weights. The joint effect of the metal mixture was estimated at an OR = 4.51 (95%CI = 2.32–8.79), suggesting a dose-response relationship. No evidence of non-linearity or non-additivity was found. An unfavorable exposure profile, primarily characterized by high Cu and low Zn levels, could lead to a significant increase in the risk of developing female breast cancer. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings. | www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969723074454 | 912 | |||
| 5,717 | 2023 | Research Recommendations for Selected IARC-Classified Agents: Impact and Lessons Learned | Turner MC, Cogliano V, Guyton K, Madia F, Straif K, Ward EM and Schubauer-Berigan MK | Environmental Health Prospectives | Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain // Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain // CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain // California Environmental Protection Agency Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, Oakland, California, USA // National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA // International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France // Boston College, Massachusetts, USA // American Cancer Society (retired), Atlanta, Georgia, USA | ["healtheffects"] | Background: The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs program assembles expert working groups who publish a critical review and evaluation of data on agents of interest. These comprehensive reviews provide a unique opportunity to identify research needs to address classification uncertainties. A multidisciplinary expert review and workshop held in 2009 identified research gaps and needs for 20 priority occupational chemicals, metals, dusts, and physical agents, with the goal of stimulating advances in epidemiological studies of cancer and carcinogen mechanisms. Overarching issues were also described. Objectives: In this commentary we review the current status of the evidence for the 20 priority agents identified in 2009. We examine whether identified Research Recommendations for each agent were addressed and their potential impact on resolving classification uncertainties. Methods: We reviewed the IARC classifications of each of the 20 priority agents and identified major new epidemiological and human mechanistic studies published since the last evaluation. Information sources were either the published Monograph for agents that have been reevaluated or, for agents not yet reevaluated, Advisory Group reports and literature searches. Findings are described in view of recent methodological developments in Monographs evidence evaluation processes. Discussion: The majority of the 20 priority agents were reevaluated by IARC since 2009. The overall carcinogen classifications of 9 agents advanced, and new cancer sites with either “sufficient” or “limited” evidence of carcinogenicity were also identified for 9 agents. Examination of published findings revealed whether evidence gaps and Research Recommendations have been addressed and highlighted remaining uncertainties. During the past decade, new research addressed a range of the 2009 recommendations and supported updated classifications for priority agents. This supports future efforts to systematically apply findings of Monograph reviews to identify research gaps and priorities relevant to evaluation criteria established in the updated IARC Monograph Preamble. | https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/EHP12547 | 131 | 10 | ||
| 5,718 | 2016 | Phytotoxicity of Tailings Dam of the Dzhidinsky Tungsten–Molybdenum Combine (Western Transbaikalia). | Doroshkevich SG, Bardamova IV | Biogenic-Abiogenic Interactions in Natural and Anthropogenic Systems | Geological Institute of SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Russia | ["plants"] | The phytotoxicity of tailings dam of the Dzhidinsky tungsten–molybdenum combine has been studied. It is established that the content of toxic chemical elements (Pb, Zn, As, Cu, Co, Mo, Ni, W) in technogenic sands is extremely dangerous; the total contamination index (Zc) is 425–500. The phytotoxicity of the sands with respect to oats is different: the technogenic sands of the Barun-Naryn tailings refer to II (high) toxicity class, while the technogenic sands of the Modonkul deltoid deposit refer to V (normal) toxicity class. The index of total pollution by toxic elements (Zc) of plant oats grown on technogenic sands and their water extract is consistent to high level (aboveground part of plants—12–69, and underground parts—11–147). | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-24987-2_22 | 277-287 | |||
| 5,722 | 2023 | Biomonitoring of exposure to multiple metal components in urine, hair and nails of apprentice welders performing shielded metal arc welding | Buitrago Cortes J, Sarazin P, Dieme D, Côté J, Ouellet C, El Majidi N, Bouchard M | Environmental Research | Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada // Chemical and Biological Hazards Prevention, Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, 505 Boulevard de Maisonneuve O, Montréal, Québec, H3A 3C2, Canada | ["sustainability"] | Welding fumes are associated with various diseases. Increased air levels of metals were reported during welding. However, few multielement biomonitoring studies were conducted to assess the actual dose of metal components absorbed in apprentice welders in a learning environment. This research aimed to establish the nature and level of exposure to welding fumes and their metallic components in apprentice welders performing ‘Shielded Metal Arc Welding’ (SMAW), based on multi-element and multi-matrix analyses. A total of 86 apprentice welders were recruited in three different schools in Montreal, Québec, Canada. Twenty-one elements were measured in urine, hair, fingernail, and toenail samples collected at the beginning of the program and at the end of SMAW practical training. Concentrations of welding fumes and 12 metals were also determined in personal respirable air samples collected over a typical workday in a subgroup of 19 apprentices. Levels of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) in urine and Mn in hair were higher in samples taken at the end of the SMAW module compared to the beginning of training, while there was no significant difference for the other elements or for nail concentrations. Geometric mean concentrations [5th-95th percentiles] reached 0.31 [0.032–2.84], 9.4 [3.1–51] and 0.87 [0.35–3.1] μg/g creat. in post-shift urine, respectively, for Mn, Fe and Ni, and 0.37 [0.46–6.4] μg Mn/g hair at the end of SWAW. Median concentrations [5th-95th percentiles] were 29 [4.6–1200], 120 [27–3100] and 0.31 [<LOQ-0.92] μg/m3 for Mn, Fe and Ni, respectively. The work showed that even short-term welding fume exposure in controlled environments, as observed in apprentice welders after SMAW process, increases internal exposure to metals. It also confirmed the interest of measurements in multiple matrices to assess internal metal exposure. The follow-up of apprentices during standard curriculum will allow to assess more long-term internal exposure due to other welding processes. | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0013935123021655 | 239 | Part 2 | ||
| 5,723 | 2023 | Separation Teaching Behaviors of Cobalt(Co) and Tungsten(W) from Tungsten Carbide Sludge by Sulfuric Acid Solutions. | Ahn J and Lee J-Y | The Korean Institute of Resources Recycling | Dept of Fire prevention and Safety, Jungwon University, South Korea // Mineral & Materials Processing Div, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, South Korea | ["occurrence"] | Cemented carbide is an important material in strategic materials, and nd the development of recycling technologies for valuable metals such as cobalt(Co) and tungsten(W) is urgently needed to ensure sufficient domestic raw material supply, supply chain stability, and high-tech industrialization. In this study, an experiment was conducted to leach Co and W from roasted WC-Co cemented carbide sludge by sulfuric-acid leaching. From this experiments, the optimal conditions for Co leaching included a sludge/leachate solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, Co/sulfuric acid molar ratio of 1/5.8, leaching temperature of 80℃, and leaching time of 7 h. Under these conditions, the leaching rate was calculated to be approximately 72.6%. In addition, up to 83% Co can be recovered when two-stage leaching is applied. By contrast, the leaching rate of W was less than 5%. The results of this experiment demonstrate the possibility of separating and recovering Co from W in cemented carbide sludge by sulfuric-acid leaching. | https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO202332643277941.page | 32 | 5 | 28-34 | |
| 5,724 | 2024 | Leaching of heavy metals from tungsten mining tailings: A case study based on static and kinetic leaching tests | Zheng X, Qiu S, Zhou B, Li Q, Chen M | Environmental Pollution | Cooperative Innovation Center jointly established by the Ministry and the Ministry of Rare Earth Resources Development and Utilization, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China // Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Control in Mining and Metallurgy of Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China // School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China | ["healtheffects"] | Heavy metal (HM) leaching from tungsten mine tailings is a serious environmental risk. In this study, we assess the HM pollution level of tungsten tailings, determine the HM leaching patterns and mechanisms, and estimate the HM fluxes from a tailings reservoir. The results showed that the comprehensive pollution index (CRSi) values that decreased in order of the HM pollution levels in the tailings were cadmium (Cd) > tungsten (W) > lead (Pb) > copper (Cu) = zinc (Zn) > arsenic (As) > manganese (Mn). This result indicated that Cd, W, and Pb were priority pollutants in tailings. The Res fraction of all HMs was greater than 50%. Pb and Cd had similar species fractions with high Exc fractions, and tungsten had a considerable proportion of the Wat fraction. The general acid neutralizing capacity (GANC) test divides the leaching process of HMs into two stages, and each of stage is affected by different mechanisms. A neutral environment promoted tungsten leaching in the column leching test, while an acidic environment promoted Cd and Pb leaching. In addition, the pH effect was more obvious in the early stage. The kinetic fitting results showed that the second-order dynamic model well simulated the leaching of W, Pb, and Cd in most cases. Based on column kinetic leaching test results and tailings parameters, the annual W, Pb, and Cd fluxes were estimated to be 6.35 × 108, 1.3288 × 109, and 1.012 × 108 mg/year, respectively. The above results can guide the environmental management of tungsten tailing reservoirs, such as selecting suitable repair materials and estimating repair service times. | www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749123020572 | 342 | |||
| 5,725 | 2024 | DNA methylation aging signatures of multiple metals exposure and their mediation effects in metal-associated mortality: Evidence from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort study | Wang C, Zhong G, Liu C, Hong S, et al | Journal of Hazardous Materials | Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China // Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China | ["healtheffects"] | Humans were exposed to multiple metals, but the impact of metals on DNA methylation-age (DNAm-age), a well-recognized aging measure, remains inconclusive. This study included 2942 participants from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort. We detected their plasma concentrations of 23 metals and determined their genome-wide DNA methylation using the Illumina Human-MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Five DNAm-age acceleration indexes (DAIs), including HannumAge-Accel, HorvathAge-Accel, PhenoAge-Accel, GrimAge-Accel (residual from regressing corresponding DNAm-age on chronological age) and DNAm-mortality score (DNAm-MS), were separately calculated. We found that each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed copper (Cu) was associated with a separate 1.02-, 0.83- and 0.07-unit increase in PhenoAge-Accel, GrimAge-Accel, and DNAm-MS (all FDR<0.05). Each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed nickel (Ni) was associated with a 0.34-year increase in PhenoAge-Accel, while each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed strontium (Sr) was associated with a 0.05-unit increase in DNAm-MS. The Cu, Ni and Sr showed joint positive effects on above three DAIs. PhenoAge-Accel, GrimAge-Accel, and DNAm-MS mediated a separate 6.5%, 12.3%, 6.0% of the positive association between Cu and all-cause mortality; GrimAge-Accel mediated 14.3% of the inverse association of selenium with all-cause mortality. Our findings revealed the effects of Cu, Ni, Sr and their co-exposure on accelerated aging and highlighted mediation roles of DNAm-age on metal-associated mortality. | www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389423024846 | 465 | |||
| 5,726 | 2024 | Immune profiling and tracking of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides in cells and tissues | Gazzi A, Fusco L, Orecchioni M, Keshavan S, et al | Nanotoday | ImmuneNano Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy // Translational Medicine Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar // La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA, USA // Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden // Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK // Advanced Cell Therapy Core, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar // Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel // School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA // Department of Medicine III, Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany // Immunology Center of Georgia (IMMCG), Augusta University, Augusta, CA, USA // Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy // College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar // Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | ["healtheffects"] | Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten disulfide (WS2), have attracted considerable interest in biomedicine due to their unique combination of physicochemical properties. The effect of nanomaterials on immune cells and their biodistribution are critical aspects of their clinical translation. However, understanding the interactions of these emerging 2D nanomaterials with the complex pool of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at the single-cell level and their in situ localization in the main organs still needs to be discovered, preventing their translation in medical settings. Here, we report in-depth immune profiling of water-based and defect-free 2D formulations of MoS2 and WS2 through the simultaneous label-free tracking of their immune cell interactions, both ex vivo in human PBMCs and in vivo in mice by high-dimensional analytical approaches, as well as their biodistribution. For comparison, we studied graphene, the hitherto most explored 2D material for biomedical applications. First, we assessed the impact at the protein and gene level by multiplex protein arrays and RNA sequencing, demonstrating a very modest effect of MoS2 and WS2 on immune cell functionality compared to graphene. Then, a single-cell view of the effects of MoS2 and WS2 on 16 primary human immune cell types in terms of viability and functionality was obtained by single-cell mass cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF). We explored over 30 markers looking at multiple cell parameters. Finally, we present evidence that MoS2 and WS2 are visible, without the need for labeling, at the single-cell and tissue level by CyTOF, imaging mass cytometry, and multiplexed ion beam imaging by time-of-flight (MIBI-TOF). In particular, MoS2 and WS2 could be detected in the molybdenum (95Mo) and tungsten (180–186W) channels, respectively, which are not used for commercial mass cytometry tags, allowing for the simultaneous interrogation of a wide variety of biological parameters ex vivo and in vivo following intravenous administration of the TMDs. Indeed, we demonstrated the accumulation of TMDs in the main organs by MIBI-TOF and they could also be identified in specific immune cell subsets by CyTOF. Among the two TMDs studied, WS2 exhibited the highest brightness and signal intensity in all the cell subpopulations and tissues analyzed. In conclusion, we identified TMDs as immune-compatible nanoplatforms, traceable at the single-cell and tissue (sub-organ) levels, thus opening up new perspectives for their exploration in biomedicine. | www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S174801322300333X | 54 | |||
| 5,727 | 2023 | Reprocessing of the Cantung Mine Tailings | Alehandro Collins AJ | Queen’s University Kingston, Canada | Queen’s University Kingston, Canada | ["occurrence"] | Tailings, a waste product generated from the processing of ore, constitute a large, long-lasting portion of a mine’s environmental footprint. The Cantung Mine, located in Northwest Territories, Canada, is a defunct mine with over 4 million tonnes of tailings. The tailings contain sulphide minerals, which can oxidize and produce acid rock drainage if left in their current state. Due to the mine’s proximity to the Flat River, any acid rock drainage produced by the tailings hasthe potential to impact the surrounding environment. This thesis investigates methods to reprocess and separate the Cantung tailings into two distinct fractions: a high-mass fraction of tailings that are not acid generating and an acid-generating low-mass concentrate containing sulphide minerals that can be handled and stored separately. By separating the mine’s tailings, benign waste might be filtered and stored in dry-stacks, reducing the environmental and structural risks posed by sub-aqueous tailings storage units. Mineralogical work determined that pyrrhotite was the main sulphide mineral present in the tailings. Scoping level flotation tests determined that the reagents sodium isopropyl xanthate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and Aero 6493 had the greatest influence on flotation results. A Box-Behnken experimental design was conducted to optimize the flowsheet. Grinding, magnetic separation, and flotation were employed to recover up to 86.5% of the total sulphur in a concentrate weighing 29.8% of the initial mass. The low-sulphide tailings contained 1.96% sulphur, which would reduce the impact of acid rock drainage if implemented. Analysis of the low-sulphide tailings determined that the remaining sulphur was primarily found in the -38 micron fraction, which is difficult to recover by flotation. Preliminary flotation tests were completed in an attempt to recover copper and tungsten in the tailings not recovered during the mine’s operation. Both metals were unable to be recovered at high grades, with further research required to determine appropriate recovery methods. The findings of this thesis demonstrate the effectiveness of reprocessing mine waste from the Cantung Mine to reduce the potential of future environmental impacts. | https://qspace.library.queensu.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/c33ce1ad-f57f-40b0-bfed-2fd1a350e9bb/content | 1-235 | |||
| 5,728 | 2024 | Influence on the release of arsenic and tungsten from sediment, and effect on other heavy metals and microorganisms by ceria nanoparticle capping | Li Q, Liu L, Yan W, Chen X, et al | Environmental Pollution | College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China // National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China // Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China | ["sustainability"] | In this study, ceria nanoparticle (CNP) was used as a capping agent to investigate the efficiency and mechanism of simultaneously controlling the release of sediment internal Arsenic (As) and tungsten (W). The results of incubation experiment demonstrated that CNP capping reduced soluble As and W by 81.80% and 97.97% in overlying water, respectively; soluble As and W by 65.64% and 60.13% in pore water, respectively; and labile As and W in sediment by 45.20% and 53.20%, respectively. The main mechanism of CNP controlling sediment internal As and W was through adsorption via ligand exchange and inner-sphere complexation, as determined through adsorption experiments, XPS and FIRT spectra analysis. Besides, CNP also acted as an oxidant, facilitating the oxidation of AsⅢ to AsV and thereby enhancing the adsorption of soluble As. Additionally, sediment As and W fractions experiments demonstrated that the immobilization of As and W with CNP treatment via transforming mobile to stable fractions was another mechanism inhibiting sediment As and W release. The obtained significant positive correlation between soluble As/W and Fe/Mn, labile As/W and Fe/Mn indicated that iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) oxidation, influenced by CNP, serve as additional mechanisms. Moreover, Fe redox plays a crucial role in controlling internal As and W, while Mn redox plays a more significant role in controlling As compared to W. Meanwhile, CNP capping effectively prevented the release of As and W by reducing the activity of microorganisms that degrade Fe-bound As and W and reduced the release risk of V, Cr, Co, Ni, and Zn from sediments. Overall, this study proved that CNP was a suitable capping agent for simultaneously controlling the release of As and W from sediment. | www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749123021632 | 343 | |||
| 5,729 | 2024 | Method validation for (ultra)-trace element concentrations in urine for small sample volumes in large epidemiological studies: application to the population-based epidemiological multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA) | Schilling K, Glabonjat RA, Balac O, Gálvez-Fernández M, et al | Analytical Methods | Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA // Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA // Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA | ["healtheffects"] | Analysis of essential and non-essential trace elements in urine has emerged as a valuable tool for assessing occupational and environmental exposures, diagnosing nutritional status and guiding public health and health care intervention. Our study focused on the analysis of trace elements in urine samples from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a precious resource for health research with limited sample volumes. Here we provide a comprehensive and sensitive method for the analysis of 18 elements using only 100 μL of urine. Method sensitivity, accuracy, and precision were assessed. The analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) included the measurement of antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), cesium (Cs), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), gadolinium (Gd), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), thallium (Tl), tungsten (W), uranium (U), and zinc (Zn). Further, we reported urinary trace element concentrations by covariates including gender, ethnicity/race, smoking and location. The results showed good accuracy and sensitivity of the ICP-MS method with the limit of detections rangings between 0.001 μg L-1 for U to 6.2 μg L-1 for Zn. Intra-day precision for MESA urine analysis varied between 1.4% for Mo and 26% for Mn (average 6.4% for all elements). The average inter-day precision for most elements was As > Cs > Ni > Ba > Pb > Cd > Gd > Tl > W > U. The order of urinary mean concentrations for essential trace elements was Zn > Se > Mo > Cu > Co > Mn. Non-adjusted mean concentration of non-essential trace elements in urine from MESA participants follow the order Sr > As > Cs > Ni > Ba > Pb > Cd > Gd > Tl > W > U. The unadjusted urinary mean concentrations of essential trace elements decrease from Zn > Se > Mo > Cu > Co > Mn. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38099473/ | 16 | 2 | 214-226 | |
| 5,730 | 2023 | Atmospheric Pollution from a Storage of Tungsten–Molybdenum Ore Mining and Processing Wastes | Plyusnin AM, Voronina YS, Ukraintsev AV, et al | Geochemistry International | Dobretsov Geological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (GIN SB RAS), 670047, Ulan-Ude, Russia // Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033, Irkutsk, Russia // Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033, Irkutsk, Russia | ["occurrence"] | Experimental studies of the surface atmosphere pollution with mining and processing wastes of tungsten–molybdenum ore were carried out using an equipment devised for collecting aerosols above the surface of sands. It has been established that toxic components formed during the decomposition of residual sulfide mineralization and products of interaction between acidic waters and rocks are transported with water vapor from the sands to the surface. The moisture condensed over the sands contains high concentrations of aluminum, fluorine, iron, silicon, manganese, zinc, and phosphorus. These elements form an atmospheric pollution halo over the technogenic sands and are further dispersed by air currents over neighboring areas. In winter, the snow cover is polluted over a vast territory due to wind dispersion of the aerosols. The halo of pollution extends over tens of square kilometers. A dependence was identified of qualitative and quantitative composition of the components polluting the snow cover on the storage time of the ore processing products. It is shown that some of the toxic elements pass into solution during snow melting from suspended solids, which are brought by wind from the territory where the soil cover is disturbed by mining. | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S0016702923110095 | 61 | 1293-1307 | ||
| 5,732 | 2023 | Study of the Technology for Extracting Tungsten in the Form of a Semi-Finished Product and Metallic Form from Industrial Waste | Abbos S, Boymurodov N, Avaz R | Digital Technologies in Industry | Dept of “Mining” Karshi engineering-economics institute, Uzbekistan, Karshi | ["sustainability"] | The article outlines the problems associated with the occurrence of man-made waste and the priority tasks for solving them, analysis of the technology for the enrichment of tungsten-containing ores and their waste, study of the chemical and mineralogical composition of man-made tungsten-containing waste from the Ingichki mine. | www.researchgate.net/profile/Najmiddin-Boymurodov/publication/376684234 | 1 | 2 | ||
| 5,792 | 2024 | Environmental pollution and human health risk due to tailings storage facilities in China | Su C, Rana NM, Zhang S, Wang B | Science of The Total Environment | Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China // Klohn Crippen Berger, Toronto, Ontario, Canada // MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China | ["healtheffects","occurrence"] | Tailings storage facilities (TSFs) represent an anthropogenic source of pollution, resulting in potential risks to both environmental integrity and human health. To date, the environmental and human health risks from TSFs in China have been under-researched. This study attempts to address this gap by developing, and geo-statistically analyzing two comprehensive databases. The first database (I) focuses on failed TSFs; we supply the statistics of environmental damages from 143 TSF failure incidents. Notably, approximately 75 % of the failure incidents involved tailings flows released into water bodies, resulting in a significant exacerbation of environmental pollution. To better inform ecological and human health risks, we present another database (II) for 147 non-failed TSFs to investigate the soil heavy metal contamination, considering 8 heavy metals. The findings reveal that (i) Cd, Pb, and Hg are the prominent pollutants across the non-failed TSF sites in China; (ii) lead‑zinc and tungsten mine tailings storage sites exhibit the most severe pollution; (iii) Pb, Cd, and Ni present noteworthy non-carcinogenic risks to human health; (iv) >85 % of TSF sites pose carcinogenic risks associated with arsenic; and (v) health risks resulting from dermal absorption surpass ingestion for the majority of heavy metals, with the exception of Pb, where ingestion presents a more pronounced route of exposure. Our study presents a comprehensive evaluation of environmental and human health risks due to TSFs, highlighting the necessity for risk assessment of >14,000 existing TSFs in China. | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S004896972402583X | 928 | |||
| 19,113 | 2019 | Adsorption behavior of tungstate on montmorillonite as a function of pH, ionic strength and competitive anion | Li R; Tang Y; Li X; Tang C; Zhu Y; Wang S; Lin C | Desalination and Water Treatment | School of geography and tourism, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China | ["occurrence"] | A better understanding of adsorption mechanism is vital for the effective reduction of tungsten mobility and potential human health risk such as its suspected link to the childhood leukemia clusters. This study investigated tungstate (WO4 2–) adsorption characteristic onto montmorillonite under environmentally relevant solution properties such as the influence of reaction time, solution pH, initial concentration, the competitive anion (PO4 3–), and ionic strength. The results of the adsorption isotherm studies suggested that both the Langmuir (R2 = 0.9117) and Freundlich (R2 = 0.9913) equations can be well consistent with WO4 2− adsorption process and the maximal WO4 2− adsorption capacity was 26.73 mmol kg–1. The amount of WO4 2− adsorbed onto montmorillonite strongly dependent on pH and slightly dependent on ionic strength. Specifically, WO4 2− adsorption reached the maximum (17.41 mmol kg–1) at pH 4.15, but becoming negligible ( | http://www.deswater.com/DWT_abstracts/vol_150/150_2019_274.pdf | 150 | 274-281 | ||
| 19,114 | 1959 | [Pulmonary changes in sintered hardmetal workers] | Moschinski G; Jurisch A; Reinl W | Archiv fiir Gewerbepathologie und Gewerbehygiene, | Archiv fiir Gewerbepathologie und Gewerbehygiene, | ["healtheffects"] | n/a | http://www.itia.info/assets/files/db/78025-0832.pdf | 16 | n/a | 697-720 | n/a |
| 19,115 | 1994 | Cobalt myocardiopathy. A critical review of literature | Seghizzi P; D'Adda F; Borleri D; Barbic F; Mosconi G | The Science of the Total Environment | Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro (Occupational Health Unit), Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Largo Barozzi 1, 24100 Bergamo, Italy | ["healtheffects","occurrence"] | Cobalt is regarded as being responsible for a form of myocardiopathy whose pathogenisis and clinical description must still find a specific place in the range of congestive myocardiopathies. In spite of this, epidemiological studies are not sufficient to prove the role of cobalt in inducing myocardiopathy in hard metal workers. This critical review intends to evaluate if hard metal exposure may induce toxic effects on the heart. In this context, the literature considered ranges from pioneer reports on beer drinkers to the more recent papers concerning cases of patients occupationally exposed; subjects who, after a surgical operation died of fulminant heart failure and, lastly, hard metal workers who were examined for their cardiac function. Various pathogenetic mechanisms related to possible cardiac effects in hard metal workers have been analyzed. The most likely should be the inhibition of cellular respiration due to inhibition of the mitocondrial dehydrogenase. | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/004896979490135X | 150 | 1-3 | 105-109 | n/a |
| 19,116 | 2010 | Biological monitoring of tungsten (and cobalt) in workers of a hard metal alloy industry. | Palma de G; Manini P; Sarnico M; Molinari S; Apostoli P | Int Arch Occup Environ Health | Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy. depalma@med.unibs.it | ["biology","healtheffects","occurrence"] | Objectives To evaluate a combined biomonitoring approach based on both cobalt and tungsten determination in workers of the hard metal alloy sector. Methods We enrolled 55 workers from a factory producing cutting tools for carpentry. Combined workroom air and biological monitoring of both cobalt and tungsten relied on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry determinations. Metals were determined on plasma, blood and urine samples. Urine samples from 34 unexposed subjects were also analyzed. Results Tungsten was determined in every collected sample. Workers showed significantly higher urinary tungsten levels than controls (pre-shift values of 4.12 vs. 0.06 µg/l on average; P < 0.0005). Both airborne and biological levels of tungsten prevailed among workers involved in wet-grinding activities. The element was excreted at higher urinary levels than cobalt and showed lower circulating (blood, plasma) concentrations. Exposure–dose relationships were apparent for tungsten biomarkers. Conclusions Obtained results may contribute to the development of biomarkers of exposure to tungsten. The association of such biomarkers to traditional determinations of cobalt in blood and/or urine may substantially improve the exposure assessment of workers employed in cemented carbide industries. | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00420-009-0434-5 | 83 | n/a | 173-181 | DOI 10.1007/s00420-009-0434-5 |
| 19,117 | 1987 | Hard-metal lung disease. A report of 4 cases | Skluis-Cremer GK, Glyn Thomas R, Solomon A | South African Medical Journal | ["healtheffects","occurrence"] | The properties, manufacture and uses of hard metal are briefly described, and its harmful effects on the respiratory tract are enumerated, discussed and illustrated in 4 subjects who had been drill sharpeners on goldmines. It cannot be unequivocally claimed that these are cases of interstitial fibrosis due to the inhalation of hard-metal dust, as both radiography and histology in this disease are nonspecific. There appears however to be good reason to encourage further research on drill sharpeners on goldmines and tool-room workers in general. | http://1.usa.gov/1lYws34 | 71 | 9 | 598-600 | 0038-2469 | |
| 19,118 | 1998 | Cobalt-Related Lung Diseases | Cugell DW | Clinical Pulmonary Medicine | Div Pulmon and Critical Care Med, NW University Medical School, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, United States | ["healtheffects","occurrence"] | Workplace exposures to cobalt, usually in combination with other materials, can cause asthma or pulmonary fibrosis, or in rare instances, both diseases. Workers at risk include (1) those engaged in the manufacture of "hard metal," a mix of powdered tungsten carbide to which 6% to 15% cobalt is added and then heated to high temperatures. Hard metal has a very high temperature resistance and a hardness approximating that of diamonds; (2) workers who machine hard metal objects; (3) gem polishers in the diamond industry who use cobalt-faced polishing disks; and (4) those who use cobalt-containing materials in high-temperature metallurgy. Asthma, although uncommon, is more frequent than pulmonary fibrosis and resembles occupational asthma from other exposures. No clear-cut immunologic mechanisms have been identified. The pulmonary fibrosis is unique in that some cases are associated with a characteristic multinucleated giant cell in the alveolar spaces. This same cell can be found in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. When present in a patient with a known exposure, no additional diagnostic procedures are needed. Other cases of lung fibrosis secondary to exposure to cobalt-containing materials lack this distinctive cell and are indistinguishable from the usual nonspecific form of lung fibrosis. There is nonspecific therapy for these diseases. Early recognition of the cause, prompt removal from additional exposure no matter how small, and the usual therapy for either the airway or the parenchymal disease should be instituted promptly. | http://bit.ly/1etBBta | 5 | 3 | 158-164 | n/a |
| 19,119 | 1998 | Interstitial lung disorders due to beryllium and cobalt | Newman LS; Maier LA; Nemery B | Interstitial Lung Disease | N/A | ["healtheffects","occurrence"] | n/a | http://bit.ly/17M8f7C | 3rd edition | N/A | 367-392 | n/a |
| 19,120 | 1992 | Survey of Cobalt Exposure and Respiratory Health in Diamond Polishers | Nemery B; Casier P; Roosels D; Lahaye D; Demedts M | The American Review of Respiratory Disease | Laboratory of Lung Toxicology, Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven, Belgium. | ["healtheffects","occurrence"] | This cross-sectional study was undertaken after the discovery of cobalt-related fibrosing alveolitis and bronchial asthma in diamond polishers occupationally exposed to cobalt. A total of 194 workers from 10 diamond polishing workshops and 59 workers from three other workshops from the diamond industry (control subjects) were studied; a questionnaire was administered and spirometry was performed. Cobalt exposure was assessed by environmental air sampling using both area and personal sampling and by measuring urinary cobalt concentration. When considered on a workshop basis, these environmental and biologic indlces of exposure correlated well with each other. These measurements led to the definition of three cobalt exposure categories: a no exposure group, a low exposure group, and a high exposure group. The high exposure was, however, still below the present threshold limit value for cobalt (50 µg/m3). Spirometry showed that indices of ventilatory function (FVC and FEV,) were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the group with the highest exposure to cobalt. These differences were not due to differences in smoking habits. The results were confirmed when the data were analyzed by covariance analysis of lung function indices against smoking status, taking mean cobalt exposure in each workshop as a covariate, and when the data were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. This analysis showed that cobalt exposure correlated with decreased pulmonary function. Our results suggest that, during diamond polishing, exposure to cobalt at levels below the current threshold limit value Is associated, on a group basis, with measurable effects on lung function parameters. The relationship between these cross-sectional epidemiologic findings and the occurrence of overt lung disease in diamond polishers remains to be established. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1312313 | 145 | Not applicable | 610-616 | Not available |
| 19,121 | 2009 | Influence of speciation on tungsten toxicity | Strigul N; Galdun C; Vaccari L; Ryan T; Braida W; Christodoulatos C | Desalination | Stevens Institute of Technology, Center for Environmental Systems, Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030 | ["biology","healtheffects","plants","occurrence"] | Information on tungsten ecotoxicity is very limited. Moreover, it is an even larger lack of information linking tungsten environmental speciation and environmental effects. Soluble tungsten compounds can be released into the environment after corrosion and dissolution of tungsten containing alloys and minerals. Tungsten aquatic chemistry is quite complicated; tungsten anions may polymerize (depending upon concentration and aquatic geochemistry) in aquatic systems at environmentally relevant pHs. However, our present knowledge of tungsten toxicological effects is entirely based on the data obtained in experiments with monotungstates. Toxicological effects of sodium tungstate and metatungstate have been examined in the standard OECD toxicological test for Daphnia, algae and earthworms. LD50 and EC50 values for sodium tungstate are more than 10 times larger than those for sodium metatungstate, when expressed in terms of tungsten concentrations. This difference increases 12-fold more when LD50 and EC50 are expressed in terms of molecular concentrations. These toxicity patterns have also been observed in the experiment with laboratory aquatic ecosystems. At the ecosystem level, mono- and polytungstates also affect the nitrogen cycle. These finding stress the need for further studies of both environmental speciation of tungsten and toxicity of different tungsten compounds. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011916409007073 | 248 | 869-879 | ||
| 19,127 | 2010 | Tungsten speciation and toxicity: Acute toxicity of mono- and poly-tungstates to fish | Strigul N; Koutsospyros A; Christodoulatos C | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety | Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA; Department of Mechanical, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA | ["biology","animals"] | Tungsten is a widely used transition metal for which very limited information on environmental and toxicological effects is available. Of particular interest is the lack of information linking tungsten speciation and environmental effects. Tungsten anions may polymerize (depending upon concentration, pH, and aquatic geochemistry) in aquatic and soil systems. However, to this date, of all soluble tungstate species only monotungstates have been scrutinized to a fair extent in toxicological studies. The objective of this work is a comparative assessment of the acute toxicity of monotungstates (sodium tungstate, Na2WO4) and polytungstates (sodium metatungstate, 3Na2WO4 *9WO3) to Poecilia reticulate. The experiments have been performed according to the OECD protocols 203 and 204. LD50 values for 1– 14 days show that sodium metatungstate is significantly more toxic to fish than sodium tungstate. Based on LD50 (0.86–3.88g/L or 4.67–21.1x 10-3 mol Na2WO4 L-1), sodium tungstate maybe classified as a chemical of low toxicity to fish. Sodium metatungstate caused similar fish mortality to sodium tungstate when it was introduced in 55–80 times lower concentrations (in terms of mol/L) than sodium tungstate. LD50 values for sodium metatungstate range from 0.13 to 0.85g W/L or 5.69 to 38.71*10-5 mol 3Na2WO4 *9WO3 L-1. Based on these values sodium metatungstate can be classified as a moderate toxic agent to fish. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651309001766_ | 73 | 164-171 | ||
| 19,141 | 2004 | Dust Explosion Experiments: Measurements of Explosion Indices of Tungsten Dusts and Graphite-Tungsten Dust Mixtures | Denkevits, A., Dorofeev, S. | Wissenschaftliche Berichte FZKA | Institut fur Kern- und Energietechnik Programm Kernfusion | ["occurrence"] | Explosion indices of tungsten dusts and graphite/tungsten dust mixtures are measured using a standard method of 20-1 sphere. Three tungsten dusts differing in characteristic particle size, 1, 5, and 12 um, are tested. Two coarser dusts do not appear to explode under the standard conditions; the finer dust is able to explode in a wide range of concentrations. The maximum overpressure and rate of pressure rise attain at least 4.7 bar and 260 bars/s, respectively. The explosion indices of graphite/tungsten dust mixtures composed of 1-um tungsten and 4-um graphite dusts are measured. The maximum overpressure measured for the mixtures decreases monotonically with graphite function, while maximum rate of pressure rise measured for the mixture composed of equal mole fractions of graphite and tungsten is 1.5 times higher than that measured for the pure tungsten or graphite dusts alone. The explosibility of this mixture is tested; the mixture can be induced to explode at 2kJ ignition energy and does not explode at 1kJ ignition energy. The lower explosion limits are measured for the tested graphite/tungsten dust mixtures. | disc | 6987 | 1-32 | 0947-8620 | |
| 19,144 | 2006 | 90-Day Oral Toxicity of Sodium Tungstate in Sprague-Dawley Rats | Parker GA, McCain W, Beall P | Poster at SOT 2006- Watch for Publication | WIL Biotechnics, Hillsborough, NC, US | ["healtheffects"] | As a preliminary step on the investigation of the toxicity of tungsten-containing alloys, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were given sodium tungstate dihydrate in water via daily oral gavage for 90 consecutive days at dosage levels of 0, 0.2, 2, 20, or 200 mg/kg of body weight. After the dosing period, surviving rats were sacrificed and tissues were collected for histopathologic examination. Six of ten male rats and two of ten female rats from the 200 mg/kg group died or were sacrificed due to humane considerations between Days 35 and 86. The kindeys of decedent and surviving male and female rats had pronounced histologic changes consisting of increased cytoplasmic basophilia and reduction in overall size of cortical tubular epithelial cells, typical of regenerative tubular epithelial cells. Occasional mitotic figures were noted in basophilic renal tubular epithelial cells. The kidneys of two decedent male rats had necrosis of cortical tubular epithelial cells as well as pronouned tubular regeneration. Male rats given sodium tungstate at 0.2, 2, or 20 mg/kg had an increased incidence of tubular basophilia that was similar in severity to that seen as part of the spontaneous nephropathy syndrome of laboratory rats, which is most common in male rats. The histologic changes indicated that sodium tungstate was nephrotoxic to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats when administered by oral gavage at a dosage level of 200 mg/kg, and that dosage levels down to 0.2 mg/kg may incrase the incidence of tubular degeneration/regeneration in male rats. | disc | ||||
| 19,146 | 2006 | The Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Sodium Tungstate in the Sprague-Dawley Rat | Johnson EW; Fullencamp HJ; Arfsten DP; Steele BL; Thompson MJ; Reilly KW; Prues SL; Varney MR; Cunningham JR; Lear AM; Giesige M; Thompson D; Naylor TL; Wilfong ER | Poster at SOT 2006- Watch for Publication | Naval Health Research Center Detachment Environmental Health Effects Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433-5707 | ["healtheffects","occurrence"] | Tungsten and tungsten alloys have replaced lead and depleted uranium in certain military munitions in repsonse to rising environmental and health concerns. Recent reports suggest that under certain conditions tungsten may solubilize. Since soluble tungsten may potentially enter the groundwater, the reproductive toxicity off orally administered tungeten was investingated. Female and male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally dosed with 250 mg/(kg day), 125 mg/(kg day) or 5 mg/(kg day) of sodium tungstate of dH2O (n=40/(sex gropu) for 70 consecutive days. The rats were mated after 14 days and dosing continued through pregnancy up to post-natal day (PND) 21. The gestational effects of oral sodium tungstate as well as early growth and development of the offspring were measured. Sodium tungstate exposure (250 mg/(kg day) had a significant efftect on gestational weight gain (100.9±5.4 g) and length (22.9±0.1 days) compared to controls (120.8±4.2 g and 21.7±0.2 days, respectively), but no effect on the litter size was observed. On PND20, the weights of the male (47.3±1.9 g) and female (46.3±1.6 g) sodium tungstate offspring were significantly decreased compared to controls (55.0±1.3 g and 51.7±1.3 g, respectively). The weights remained significantly lower at PND70 (374.4±11.1 g males and 223.7±4.8 g females) relatvie to the control animals (437.0±11.5 g and 240.0±5.1 g, respectively). The serum chemistry and histpathological analysis of the major organs is ongoing. These results suggest that soluble tungsten and tungsten based munitions may cause reproductive toxicity following oral exposure. | RL / disc | ||||
| 19,147 | 2009 | Tungsten Oxide Fiber Dissolution and Persistence in Artificial Human Lung Fluids | Stefaniak AB; Chirila M | Journal of Physics: Conference Series | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA 26505 | ["healtheffects","occurrence"] | Tungsten in a dense metal that is used in a range of industrial applications, including non-sag wire for light bulb filaments. During the conversion of tungsten oxide powder into tungsten metal powder for use as filaments, aerosols may be generated which contain tungsten sub-oxide particles having fiber morphology. To evaluate whether these fibers pose a yet unrecognized inhalation hazard due in part to their biodurability, we characterized the physicochemical properties and measured relative dissolution of fiber-containing (WO2.81, WO2.66, WO2.51) and isometric-shaped (WO3.00, WO2.98) powders in artificial lung fluids. Raman spectroscopy results present a shift in the main frequencies for tungsten oxide samples that were sonicated in surfactant, confirming a decrease in the size of the crystalline domains by de-agglomeration. Geometric mean fiber aspect ratios were 8.3 (WO2.81), 7.9 (WO2.66), and 6.9 (WO2.51). In artificial extracellular lung fluid, alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride (ABDC), added to prevent mold growth during experiments, inhibited (p<0.05) dissolution of WO2.98, WO2.81, and WO2.66. Less (p<0.05) of the fibrous WO2.66 and WO2.51 dissolved relative to W metal; however, biodurability was only modestly greater than W metal. These data are useful for understanding the inhalation dosimetry of fibrous and non-fibrous forms of tungsten oxide materials. | http://iopscience.iop.org/1742-6596/151/1/012013/pdf/1742-6596_151_1_012013.pdf | 151 | 1-7 | ||
| 19,148 | 2007 | ATSDR evaluation of potential for human exposure to tungsten | Keith LS; Wohlers DW; Moffett DB; Rosemond ZA | Toxicology and Industrial Health | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA; Syracuse Research Corp., North Syracuse, New York | ["healtheffects","occurrence"] | As part of its mandate, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry prepares toxicological profiles on hazardous chemicals found at Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, National Priorities List sites that have the greatest public health impact. These profiles comprehensively summarize toxicological and environmental information. This article constitutes the release of portions of the Toxicological Profile for Tungsten. The primary purpose of this article is to provide interested individuals with environmental information on tungsten that includes production data, environmental fate, potential for human exposure, analytical methods and a listing of regulations and advisories. | http://tih.sagepub.com/content/23/5-6/309.full.pdf | 23 | 309-345 | ||
| 19,150 | 2009 | The use of established skeletal muscle cell lines to assess potential toxicity from embedded metal fragments | Kane MA; Kasper CE; Kalinich JF | Toxicology in Vitro | Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, MD; Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Dept. of Veteran's Affairs, Washington, DC, USA | ["healtheffects"] | The use of novel materials on the modern battlefield, both in military munitions as well as in Improvised Explosive Devices, opens the possibility of wounds with embedded fragments whose health effects and toxicity characteristics have not been fully investigated, if at all. The costly and time-consuming nature of standard two-year lifespan studies prohibits the testing of many materials. In this report, we describe an in vitro system for rapidly assessing the potential toxicity of metals and metal mixtures. Using rat L6 and mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle cells and tests for cellular viability, we have shown that two militarily relevant tungsten alloy mixtures (W/Ni/Co and W/Ni/Fe) significantly decreased the metabolic viability of rat L6 cells, whereas the viability of mouse C2C12 cells was not affected by W/Ni/Co and only slightly affected by W/Ni/Fe. In addition, viability assessed through lysosomal uptake of neutral red dye was not affected by either mixture in either cell line indicating that the mitochondria may be the target organelle of these unique metal mixtures. Development of this in vitro screening system may provide a procedure by which the potential toxicities of embedded metal fragments can be rapidly assessed. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887233308002920 | 23 | 2 | 356-359 | |
| 19,151 | 2009 | Presence of tungsten-containing fibers in tungsten refining and manufacturing processes | McKernan JL; Toraason MA; Fernback JE; Petersen MR | Annals of Occupational Hygiene | Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA; Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA | ["healtheffects","occurrence"] | In tungsten refining and manufacturing processes, a series of tungsten oxides are typically formed as intermediates in the production of tungsten powder. The present study was conducted to characterize airborne tungsten-containing fiber dimensions, elemental composition and concentrations in the US tungsten refining and manufacturing industry. During the course of normal employee work activities, seven personal breathing zone and 62 area air samples were collected and analyzed using National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) fiber sampling and counting methods to determine dimensions, composition and airborne concentrations of fibers. Mixed models were used to identify relationships between potential determinants and airborne fiber concentrations. Results from transmission electron microscopy analyses indicated that airborne fibers with length >0.5 um, diameter >0.01 um and aspect ratios >/= to 3:1 were present on 35 of the 69 air samples collected. Overall, the airborne fibers detected had a geometric mean length ~~3 um and diatemeter ~~0.3 um. Ninety-seven percent of the airborne fibers identified were in the thoracic fraction (i.e., aerodynamic diameter 5 um, diameter /= to 5:1), airborne fiber concentrations ranged from below the limit of detection to 0.085 fibers cm-3, with calcining being associated with the highest airborne concentrations. The mixed model procedure indicated that process temperature had a marginally significant relationship to airborne fiber concentration. This finding was expected since heated processes such as calcining created the highest airborne fiber concentrations. The finding of airborne tungsten-containing fibers in this occupational setting needs to be confirmed in similar settings and demonstrates the need to obtain information on the durability and associated health effects of these fibers. | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2721673/ | 53 | 3 | 215-224 | |
| 19,152 | 1997 | Occupational exposure for tungsten oxide fibres, fibre-dose, during hard metal production | Sahle W; Krantz S; Christensson B; Laszlo I | British Occupational Hygiene Society | National Institute for Working Life, Department of Work Organisation and Technology, S-171 84 Solna, Sweden | ["healtheffects","occurrence"] | Hard metal is manufactured by a process of powder metallurgy from tungsten metal and carbon with cobalt as a binder. In addition, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, titanium, tantalum and nickel may be added. Therefore, hard-metal workers may be exposed to several potentially toxic materials and mixed dust inhalation is very common. In view of the mixed dust exposures and the variable histological appearances of lung tissues from hard metal workers, the term "mixed dust pneumoconiosis" was suggested by Ruttner et al. (1987). This was before the presence of tungsten oxide fibres in the environment was known. | http://annhyg.oxfordjournals.org/content/41/inhaled_particles_VIII/172.full.pdf+html | 41 | 1 | 172-177 | |
| 19,153 | 1978 | Elemental content of tissues and excreta of lambs, goats, and kids fed white sweet clover growing on fly ash. | Furr AK; Parkinson TF; Heffron CL; Reid JT ; Haschek WM; Gutenmann WH; Bache CA; St John LE Jr; Lisk DJ | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry | ["plants"] | EIS: Epidemiology Information System | http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf60218a004 | 26 | 4 | 847-851 | ||
| 19,156 | 2004 | Distributions of major-to-ultratrace elements among the particulate and dissolved fractions in natural water as studied by ICP-AES and ICP-MS after sequential fractionation | Itoh A; Nagasawa T; Zhu Y; Lee KH; Fujimori E; Haraguchi H | Analytical Sciences (2004) | Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan | ["occurrence"] | In order to elucidate the distributions of the elements among the particulate and dissolved fractions in pond water, major-to-ultratrace elements in different sizes of particles as well as in the filtrate passed through the 0.05 µm filter were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP- AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The different sizes of particle samples (about 100-300 µg each) were collected on the membrane filters with pore sizes of 10, 3.0, 1.2, 0.4, 0.2 and 0.05 µm by sequential fractionation. As a result, .apprx. 40 elements in different sizes of particles could be determined by ICP-AES and ICP-MS, after acid digestion using HNO3/HF/HClO4. Then, the fractional distribution factors of major-to-ultratrace elements among the particulate and dissolved fractions were estimated from the anal. results. The total contents of Al, Fe, Ti, REEs (rare earth elements), Bi, Pb and Ag in the particulate fractions (>0.05 µm) were more than 80-90%, while those of Ca, Sr, Cs, W, Ba, Mn and Co in the dissolved fraction, which corresponded to the filtrate passed through the 0.05 µm membrane filter, were >80%. It was further found that the fractional distributions of Cu and Zn in the dissolved fraction were .apprx.50%. The enrichment factors of the elements in the particulate fractions with particle sizes of 3.0-10 and 0.05-0.2 µm were estimated to elucidate their geochem. characteristics in natural water. | http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/analsci/20/1/20_1_29/_article | 20 | 1 | 29-36 | 0910-6340 |
| 19,157 | 2009 | Arsenic, As(111), and tungsten in Nevada County's private water supplies | Walker M; Fosbury D | Journal of Water and Health | Dept. of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV | ["healtheffects","occurrence"] | In parts of the western United States groundwater used for drinking water contains high concentrations of metals, including arsenic. In a rural county in Nevada, USA, we measured concentrations of arsenic and tungsten and the proportion of arsenic occurring in trivalent form (As(111)) in tap water samples from private domestic wells in 307 households. The proportion of arsenic occurring as As(111) ranged from 0 to 100% (ave. 21%, median 1%). Tungsten concentrations ranged from 0 to 610 micrograms l-1 (ave. 26 micrograms l-1, median 2 micrograms l-1). Among 253 respondents who consumed water: (a) 177/253 (70%) of tap water samples contained more than 10 micrograms l-1 total inorganic arsenic (ave. 66 micrograms l-1, median 20 micrograms I-1); (b) As(111) occurred as a small proportion of total arsenic in most samples (ave. 22%, median 3%); and (c) tungsten occurred in concentrations ranging from below the detection limit (3 micrograms I-1) to a maximum of 610 micrograms I-1 (ave. 30 micrograms l-1, median 3 micrograms l-1). Log10 concentrations of tungsten and total arsenic in consumed water were positively correlated (log10[W] = -0.400 + 0.703(log10[AsT]), p=0.000+, adj. r2=0.53). This suggests that householders in this area were likely to be exposed to both metals simultaneously, given that 253/307 of the respondents (82%) reported consuming tap water. | http://www.iwaponline.com/jwh/007/0293/0070293.pdf | 07.02 | 293-301 | ||
| 19,159 | 2008 | Dissolution of copper, tin, and iron from sintered tungsten-bronze spheres in a simulated avian gizzard, and an assessment of their potential toxicity to birds | Thomas VG; McGill IR | Science of the Total Environment | Dept. of Integrative Biology, College of Biological Science, Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; ITRI Ltd. | ["animals"] | The rates of dissolution of copper, tin, and iron from sintered tungsten-bronze spheres (51.1% W, 44.4% Cu, 3.9% Sn, 0.6% Fe, by mass) were measured in an in vitro simulated avian gizzard at pH 2.0, and 42C. Most of the spheres had disintegrated completely to a fine powder by day 14. Dissolution of copper, tin, and iron from the spheres was linear over time; all r>0.974; all P<0.001. The mean rate of release of copper, tin, and iron was 30.4 mg, 2.74 mg, and 0.38 mg per g tungsten-bronze per day, respectively. These rates of metal release were compared to those in published studies to determine whether the simultaneous ingestion of eight spheres of 3.48 mm diameter would pose a toxic risk to birds. The potential absorption rates of iron and tin (0.54 mg Fe/day, and 3.89 mg Sn/day) from eight tungsten-bronze spheres of total mass 1.42 g would not prove toxic, based on empirical studies of tin and iron ingestion in waterfowl. The release of 43.17 mg copper/day from eight tungsten-bronze spheres, while exceeding the daily copper requirements of domesticated birds, is far below the levels of copper known to cause copper toxicosis in birds. We conclude that sintered tungsten-bronze material made into gunshot, fishing weights, or wheel balance weights, would not pose a toxic risk to wild birds when ingested. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969708001289 | 394 | 283-289 | ||
| 19,160 | 1959 | Tungsten Supplementation of Breeder Hens | Teekel RA; Watts AB | Poultry Science | Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA | ["animals"] | IN AN effort to obtain molybdenum deficient chicks, a reported molybdenum antagonist, sodium tungstate (Higgins et al., 1956a,b; Leach and Norris, 1957; and Konen, 1958) was added to a practical corn-soybean diet of breeder hens. It was felt that this method would yield chicks sufficiently depleted to be used satisfactorily for molybdenum assay. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of supplemental tungsten (as sodium tungstate) in the diets of breeder hens. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN One-hundred and sixty breeder hens (WPR) were divided into two groups. One group (65 hens) was fed the breeder ration and the second group (95 hens) was fed this same ration which was supplemented with 250 p.p.m. tungsten, as sodium tungstate. Adequate males were maintained in each group to insure maximum fertility. In order to determine the effect of sodium tungstate in the diet, hens were sacrificed periodically and xanthine dehydrogenase was determined . . . | http://ps.fass.org/content/38/4/791.abstract | 38 | 4 | 791-794 | |
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